import Data.Char
import Data.List

readInput :: String -> (Char, Int, String)
readInput s =
  let [d, n, c] = words s
   in (head d, read n, drop 2 $ init c)

boundary :: [(Char, Int)] -> [(Int, Int)]
boundary = scanl' step (0, 0)
  where
    step (x, y) (d, n) =
      let (dx, dy) = case d of
            'U' -> (0, 1)
            'D' -> (0, -1)
            'L' -> (-1, 0)
            'R' -> (1, 0)
       in (x + n * dx, y + n * dy)

area :: [(Char, Int)] -> Int
area steps =
  let a = -- shoelace formula
        (abs . (`quot` 2) . sum)
          . (zipWith (\(x, y) (x', y') -> x * y' - x' * y) <*> tail)
          $ boundary steps
   in a + 1 + sum (map snd steps) `quot` 2 -- Pick's theorem

part1, part2 :: [(Char, Int, String)] -> Int
part1 = area . map (\(d, n, _) -> (d, n))
part2 = area . map (\(_, _, c) -> decode c)
  where
    decode s = ("RDLU" !! digitToInt (last s), read $ "0x" ++ init s)

main = do
  input <- map readInput . lines <$> readFile "input18"
  print $ part1 input
  print $ part2 input

import Control.Monad
import Data.Array.Unboxed (UArray)
import qualified Data.Array.Unboxed as Array
import Data.Char
import qualified Data.HashSet as Set
import qualified Data.PQueue.Prio.Min as PQ

readInput :: String -> UArray (Int, Int) Int
readInput s =
  let rows = lines s
   in Array.amap digitToInt
        . Array.listArray ((1, 1), (length rows, length $ head rows))
        $ concat rows

walk :: (Int, Int) -> UArray (Int, Int) Int -> Int
walk (minStraight, maxStraight) grid = go Set.empty initPaths
  where
    initPaths = PQ.fromList [(0, ((1, 1), (d, 0))) | d <- [(0, 1), (1, 0)]]
    goal = snd $ Array.bounds grid
    go done paths =
      case PQ.minViewWithKey paths of
        Nothing -> error "no route"
        Just ((n, (p@(y, x), hist@((dy, dx), k))), rest)
          | p == goal && k >= minStraight -> n
          | (p, hist) `Set.member` done -> go done rest
          | otherwise ->
              let next = do
                    h'@((dy', dx'), _) <-
                      join
                        [ guard (k >= minStraight) >> [((dx, dy), 1), ((-dx, -dy), 1)],
                          guard (k < maxStraight) >> [((dy, dx), k + 1)]
                        ]
                    let p' = (y + dy', x + dx')
                    guard $ Array.inRange (Array.bounds grid) p'
                    return (n + grid Array.! p', (p', h'))
               in go (Set.insert (p, hist) done) $
                    (PQ.union rest . PQ.fromList) next

main = do
  input <- readInput <$> readFile "input17"
  print $ walk (0, 3) input
  print $ walk (4, 10) input

(edited for readability)

import Control.Monad
import Data.Array.Unboxed (UArray)
import qualified Data.Array.Unboxed as A
import Data.Foldable
import Data.Set (Set)
import qualified Data.Set as Set

type Pos = (Int, Int)

readInput :: String -> UArray Pos Char
readInput s =
  let rows = lines s
   in A.listArray ((1, 1), (length rows, length $ head rows)) $ concat rows

energized :: (Pos, Pos) -> UArray Pos Char -> Set Pos
energized start grid = go Set.empty $ Set.singleton start
  where
    go seen beams
      | Set.null beams = Set.map fst seen
      | otherwise =
          let seen' = seen `Set.union` beams
              beams' = Set.fromList $ do
                ((y, x), (dy, dx)) <- toList beams
                d'@(dy', dx') <- case grid A.! (y, x) of
                  '/' -> [(-dx, -dy)]
                  '\\' -> [(dx, dy)]
                  '|' | dx /= 0 -> [(-1, 0), (1, 0)]
                  '-' | dy /= 0 -> [(0, -1), (0, 1)]
                  _ -> [(dy, dx)]
                let p' = (y + dy', x + dx')
                    beam' = (p', d')
                guard $ A.inRange (A.bounds grid) p'
                guard $ beam' `Set.notMember` seen'
                return beam'
           in go seen' beams'

part1 = Set.size . energized ((1, 1), (0, 1))

part2 input = maximum counts
  where
    (_, (h, w)) = A.bounds input
    starts =
      concat $
        [[((y, 1), (0, 1)), ((y, w), (0, -1))] | y <- [1 .. h]]
          ++ [[((1, x), (1, 0)), ((h, x), (-1, 0))] | x <- [1 .. w]]
    counts = map (\s -> Set.size $ energized s input) starts

main = do
  input <- readInput <$> readFile "input16"
  print $ part1 input
  print $ part2 input

A whopping 130.050 line-seconds!

0.3 line-seconds

import Data.Char
import Data.List
import Data.List.Split
import qualified Data.Vector as V

hash :: String -> Int
hash = foldl' (\a c -> ((a + ord c) * 17) `rem` 256) 0

hashmap :: [String] -> Int
hashmap = focus . V.toList . foldl' step (V.replicate 256 [])
  where
    focus = sum . zipWith focusBox [1 ..]
    focusBox i = sum . zipWith (\j (_, z) -> i * j * z) [1 ..] . reverse
    step boxes s =
      let (label, op) = span isLetter s
          i = hash label
       in case op of
            ['-'] -> V.accum (flip filter) boxes [(i, (/= label) . fst)]
            ('=' : z) -> V.accum replace boxes [(i, (label, read z))]
    replace ls (n, z) =
      case findIndex ((== n) . fst) ls of
        Just j ->
          let (a, _ : b) = splitAt j ls
           in a ++ (n, z) : b
        Nothing -> (n, z) : ls

main = do
  input <- splitOn "," . head . lines <$> readFile "input15"
  print $ sum . map hash $ input
  print $ hashmap input

import Data.List
import qualified Data.Map.Strict as Map
import Data.Semigroup

rotateL, rotateR, tiltW :: Endo [[Char]]
rotateL = Endo $ reverse . transpose
rotateR = Endo $ map reverse . transpose
tiltW = Endo $ map tiltRow
  where
    tiltRow xs =
      let (a, b) = break (== '#') xs
          (os, ds) = partition (== 'O') a
          rest = case b of
            ('#' : b') -> '#' : tiltRow b'
            [] -> []
       in os ++ ds ++ rest

load rows = sum $ map rowLoad rows
  where
    rowLoad = sum . map (length rows -) . elemIndices 'O'

lookupCycle xs i =
  let (o, p) = findCycle 0 Map.empty xs
   in xs !! if i < o then i else (i - o) `rem` p + o
  where
    findCycle i seen (x : xs) =
      case seen Map.!? x of
        Just j -> (j, i - j)
        Nothing -> findCycle (i + 1) (Map.insert x i seen) xs

main = do
  input <- lines <$> readFile "input14"
  print . load . appEndo (tiltW <> rotateL) $ input
  print $
    load $
      lookupCycle
        (iterate (appEndo $ stimes 4 (rotateR <> tiltW)) $ appEndo rotateL input)
        1000000000

{-# LANGUAGE LambdaCase #-}

import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.State
import Data.List
import Data.List.Split
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import Data.Maybe

readInput :: String -> ([Maybe Bool], [Int])
readInput s =
  let [a, b] = words s
   in ( map (\case '#' -> Just True; '.' -> Just False; '?' -> Nothing) a,
        map read $ splitOn "," b
      )

arrangements :: ([Maybe Bool], [Int]) -> Int
arrangements (pat, gs) = evalState (searchMemo 0 groups) Map.empty
  where
    len = length pat
    groups = zipWith startPoints gs $ zip minStarts maxStarts
      where
        minStarts = scanl (\a g -> a + g + 1) 0 $ init gs
        maxStarts = map (len -) $ scanr1 (\g a -> a + g + 1) gs
        startPoints g (a, b) =
          let ps = do
                (i, pat') <- zip [a .. b] $ tails $ drop a pat
                guard $
                  all (\(p, x) -> maybe True (== x) p) $
                    zip pat' $
                      replicate g True ++ [False]
                return i
           in (g, ps)
    clearableFrom i =
      fmap snd $
        listToMaybe $
          takeWhile ((<= i) . fst) $
            dropWhile ((< i) . snd) clearableRegions
      where
        clearableRegions =
          let go i [] = []
              go i pat =
                let (a, a') = span (/= Just True) pat
                    (b, c) = span (== Just True) a'
                 in (i, i + length a - 1) : go (i + length a + length b) c
           in go 0 pat
    searchMemo :: Int -> [(Int, [Int])] -> State (Map (Int, Int) Int) Int
    searchMemo i gs = do
      let k = (i, length gs)
      cached <- gets (Map.!? k)
      case cached of
        Just x -> return x
        Nothing -> do
          x <- search i gs
          modify (Map.insert k x)
          return x
    search i gs | i >= len = return $ if null gs then 1 else 0
    search i [] = return $
      case clearableFrom i of
        Just b | b == len - 1 -> 1
        _ -> 0
    search i ((g, ps) : gs) = do
      let maxP = maybe i (1 +) $ clearableFrom i
          ps' = takeWhile (<= maxP) $ dropWhile (< i) ps
      sum <$> mapM (\p -> let i' = p + g + 1 in searchMemo i' gs) ps'

expand (pat, gs) =
  (intercalate [Nothing] $ replicate 5 pat, concat $ replicate 5 gs)

main = do
  input <- map readInput . lines <$> readFile "input12"
  print $ sum $ map arrangements input
  print $ sum $ map (arrangements . expand) input