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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: October 1st, 2023

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  • I’m not entirely sure what you are asking for.

    Yes, you can setup a chain of SMTP servers which will redirect email’s however you like. Postfix is an excellent choice for this.

    If you want emails sent to reflector@example.com to be automatically forwarded to many people you can do that with the /etc/aliases file which most SMTP servers provide.

    If you are wanting a more complete system (for example to allow people to subscribe to the email address, to automatically unsubscribe bouncing addresses, to create archives, to only allow some people to send messages etc) you want to use a mailing list.

    If this is for group discussion you want something like Mailman. If this is for newsletters (eg. only you send messages), you might look at something like ListMonk or Mautic.




  • If you are using bind mounts with your container, there is a really easy way to backup before an update.

    • stop the database container
    • cp -a bind_mount_dir/ bind_mount_dir.20231019

    Then pull the latest database image and restart database container. If it works, yay, you’re done.

    If it doesn’t work, reverse the steps:

    • stop the container
    • mv bind_mount_dir/ bind_mount_dir.broken
    • mv bind_mount_dir.20231019 bind_mount_dir

    Restart container and you’re back to exactly where you were before the upgrade.





  • The answer is, as always, it depends.

    Some exploits allow the attacker access to the application (in which case they can do whatever the application allows them to do).

    Some exploits allow the attacker to get shell access (in which case they can do anything the permissions of the user allow them to do).

    Some exploits allow the attacker to get a root shell (in which case they can do almost anything).

    Root exploits are much less common, and typically require much more skill, than application exploits. Getting root almost always requires exploiting an application, and then getting shell first.

    This is why security people talk about “defence in depth”.

    If your application is exploited, what can you do to make it as hard as possible for the attacker to get a shell. If they get a shell, what can you do to make it as hard as possible for them to get root. If they get root, what can you do to restrict the amount of damage they can do. If they do damage, how do you know what they’ve done and what can you do to repair it.

    When people are relying on VPNs for security, they are building what security people refer to as the “crunchy on the outside, chewy on the inside” model. There’s no defence in depth, once the attacker is in … you’re screwed.

    In a homelab, part of the fun is that we get to decide how much of this we can be bothered with. :-)



  • I use N8N and Airtable at work.

    We used to use Make.com, and I actually like N8N more, it’s much easier to debug and see what’s happening as you build the workflow.

    Airtable is irritating but also amazing.

    The main advantage of both is that relatively non-technical people can do useful things. So while I’d often rather write code than use N8N, if I use N8N it means other people I work with can fix/improve it. Same with Airtable.