E-Bikes are replacing cars, not bicycles, a study from Germany shows:
"43.1% of electric bicycle trips and 63.2% of electric bicycle mileage would have been undertaken using a car if no e-bike had been available" https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15568318.2025.2533307
This is a terrible study. They did not compare to the number of trips a bicycle replaces as a baseline.