A replication attempt with a sample from a more diverse population, over 10 times larger than the original study, showed only half the effect of the original study. The replication suggested that economic background, rather than willpower, explained the other half.
Work done in 2018 and 2024 found that the Marshmallow Test “does not reliably predict adult functioning”.
It’s great for a confirmation bias, but such a study is way too simplistic to really reach a conclusion. Oh, and:
The results seemed to indicate that not thinking about a reward enhances the ability to delay gratification, rather than focusing attention on the future reward.
Excerpts from Wikipedia:
It’s great for a confirmation bias, but such a study is way too simplistic to really reach a conclusion. Oh, and: